What is the Minimum SAT Score I Need for College

How low can you go? How low can you go? Hello again, Magoosh readers! I was just pondering the intricacies of limbo dancing, a perfect metaphor for your question. So you want to know about minimums, eh? The answer is†¦.well†¦how about this: in the next few paragraphs, give me the opportunity to get your mind out of the ‘minimum’ gutter. After all, I (and most likely every adult in your life) want you shooting for the stars, not the dirt. SAT Minimums Are Tricky Now, you’re right: each college has a minimum SAT score. The SAT score range for accepted students can be very wide or very narrow depending which schools you’re considering. HOWEVER, these numbers are extremely misleading. Because the SAT changed in 2016, colleges currently report SAT ranges under the old scoring system. For my example, let’s use Harvard University’s ACT range: 22-36. So yes, there is currently a Harvard undergraduate who scored a 22, which is approximately a 1020 on the 2016 SAT. But that person, if I had to guess, probably has a life story that is very different from the average Harvard applicant. Imagine an orphan from a war-torn country who immigrated to the United States. He (or she) spent every night of his high school years washing dishes to pay for his sick adopted mother’s dialysis. The ‘22 guy’ probably went through something similar. SAT Maximums Are Tricky, Too For the new 2016 SAT, the maximum score is 1600. A few people will reach this lofty height, but it’s not the maximum for everyone. For the vast majority of students, the ceiling is a little lower. For your maximum (and minimum), take a look at your dream college’s middle 50% SAT range for accepted students. The bottom of that range is your minimum SAT score, and the top of the range is your maximum SAT score. Working within the ‘middle 50%’ gives you some wiggle room and a solid goal to reach as you study to take or retake the SAT. â€Å"But,† you might ask, â€Å"won’t I have a higher chance of getting in if I score above the middle 50%?† Well yeah, but at that point, you’d fall victim to the law of diminishing returns. For example, if you had to study 20 hours to raise your score to somewhere in the middle 50%, it might take you another 30 hours to nudge your score just beyond that mark. In my humble opinion, those are 30 (or however many) hours better spent maintaining your grades, doing volunteer work, or just being the well-rounded person admissions counselors want to see when they read the innumerable amount of applications in their inboxes. After all, high test scores are a dime a dozen these days. Building a couple of houses for Habitat for Humanity (or something like that) will likely melt an admissions counselor’s heart faster than any 1600 on the SAT. Final Thoughts Dont worry too much about minimum SAT score. As long as your SAT score is somewhere within your dream colleges middle 50% of accepted students, you’re free to spend time polishing the other parts of your application. And remember: your SAT score is important to college admissions success, but don’t get lost in the sea of numbers. Till next time, SAT scholars.

Multiple theories of motivation in organisational behaviour - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1497 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Firstly I believe that we need to understand what motivation is before we can understand why there are lots of motivational theories. Motivation comes from the Latin word movere, meaning to move (kreitner R., kinicki A., Buelens M., 2002, p: 176) which means as fact, need, emotion and organic state which encourages a person to take an action. A persons performance at work is affected by several individual factors (Personality, attitudes and beliefs, motivation, perception) but in particular, by Motivation. The dictionary defines motivation as the reason why somebody does something or behaves in a particular way (Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary of Current English, 2000, p1128). Many theorists over the years starting from the industrial revolution have analysed what makes workers work harder. This essay will illustrate why there are multiple theories of motivation I will be looking at two theories Maslows hierarchy and Hertzbergs two factor theories to try to determine why there is a need to have so many theories of motivation. Many organisations face difficulties when trying to motivate their staff. If the employees are motivated the company is likely to be more successful. To be able to understand motivation and the way it works, we have to understand human nature itself, managers also need to understand the work effort motivation cycle as to not loose there staff to more exciting rewarding and satisfying roles else were.( French, R., et al, 2008, Organizational Behaviour p157) There has to be effective management and leadership to motivate staff. Many companies believe that pay is the prime motivator; however people may want to exceed, receive acknowledgment for there efforts, they may want to feel a part of a group and also want to feel a heightened sense of worth at the workplace. This is where empowerment plays a very important part in a companys progression. ( French, R., et al, 2008, Organizational Behaviour. p 156) Emp owerment is the process by which managers delegate power to employees to motivate greater responsibility in balancing the achievement of both personal and organisational goals. (Ref.- Chapter 4: Motivation and Empowerment page 184French, R. ,et al, 2008, Organizational Behaviour. Chichester: Wiley) By empowering employees this will make the staff more satisfied, productive and motivated throughout their working hours. Throughout the years many theorists have tried to explain what motivation is by designing theories describing how managers should stimulate their staff. (French, R. et al.,2008, Organizational Behaviour pp157-159) There are two main types of motivation theories content and process theories, the content theories look at the needs that individuals have, it includes 4 component theories: Maslows hierarchy of needs model, Alderfers modified need hierarchy model, McClellands achievement motivation theory and Herzbergs two-factor theories. The Process Theories are a understanding of the thought process that influence behaviour. The major process theories of motivation include Vrooms expectancy theory, goal-setting theory, and reinforcement theory and Adams equity theory. (French, R et al, 2008 Organizational Behaviour p160) Abraham Maslow has a structure which he has called the hierarchy of needs. There are five basic needs, which people are supposed to uphold. These are physiological, safety, social, esteem and self-actualization.ÂÂ   (French, R et al, 2008 Organizational Behaviour p161) Physiological needs are food, drink, shelter and sex, Safety needs are the security and protection from physical and emotional harm. Social needs refer to a need for love. That means a person will strive for good relationships with people and a place within there group. .(Wilson, F M(2004) Organizational Behaviour and work) The needs that Maslow has at the bottom of the pyramid are based on basic needs concerned with survival or lower order need s, and these must be satisfied before a person can go to the next level on the hierarchy of needs until self actualization which Maslow argued that although everybody is able to, not many reach this level. (Wilson, F M (2004) Organizational Behaviour and work) While Maslows theory seems to make sense at first, there is little to show that a strict hierarchy works in every day working life. In fact research contradicts the order of needs because in some cultures they tend to put social needs before any other need. Maslows hierarchy also has trouble explaining cases such as the starving artist where a individual will neglect there physical needs to gain a spiritual need. Maslow also suggests that one need is satisfied at a time where there is no evidence this is true. In all motivation theories there are always advantages and disadvantages, Maslow has been critical of his theory himself, in a statement he said: My motivation theory was published 20 years ago and in all that time nobody repeated it, or tested, or really analyzed it or criticised it. They just used it, swallowed it whole with only the minor modification Ref- Wilson, F.M (2004). Organisational behaviour and work. Oxford University press, page146 (Lowry 1982:6 Clayton Alderfer proposed the ERG theory, which is very similar to Maslows theory, it also describes needs as a hierarchy. The letters ERG stand for three levels of needs: Existence, Relatedness, and Growth. This theory is based on the work of Maslow, so it has a lot which is similar with it but it also differs in some important aspects. He argues that Maslows theory is not flexible and as a result of this people may become frustrated as they are not able to move to the next stage. Alderfer has minimized Maslows 5 level theories into 3 levels; this theory is more flexible as people are able to go up and down the hierarchy if their needs keep changing. (French, R et al, 2008 Organizational Behaviour p160) Fredrick Herzbergs hygiene-motivation theory, Frederick Hertzberg put forward the idea that certain factors in the workplace cause job satisfaction, while others lead to dissatisfaction, he proposed the Two Factor theory of human motivation in the workplace, he believed that man has two sets of needs one as an animal to avoid pain and the second as a human being to grow psychologically. Hertzberg believes that the growth or the motivator factors such as achievement, the work its self, responsibility and advancement are the primary cause of job satisfaction. Hygiene factors the dissatisfiers using the term hygiene are considered maintenance factors that are to avoid dissatisfaction but by themselves do not provide satisfaction company policy, administration, supervision interpersonal relationships, working conditions salary status and security. Hertzberg used two open ended questions tell me about a time when you felt exceptionally good about your job. and tell me about a time when you felt exce ptionally bad about your job.Herzberg analysed a diverse range of employees twelve different investigations informed the theory.( Herzberg et al 1959,. Wilson, F M(2004) Organizational Behaviour and work) There have been many criticisms of this theory one being some researchers have used other methods and have not been able to confirm the theory there for the theory is said to be method-bound as only Hertzbergs original method is able to support the theory. Other critics found it to be too convenient that Hertzbergs theory fits so neatly into two boxes, intrinsic contributing to job satisfaction and extrinsic to dissatisfaction. In the study by Ewan (1963) found that sometimes the hygiene factor, dissatisfies acted as satisfiers and satisfiers, motivators caused both satisfaction and dissatisfaction. (Wilson, F M(2004) Organizational Behaviour and work) Looking briefly at the most well known motivational theories David McClelland Need for Achievement Theory proposed that an in dividuals specific needs are acquired over time and are shaped by a persons life experiences. Most of the needs can be classed as achievement, affiliation, or power. A persons motivation in a certain job is influenced by these three needs. McCelland believed that having the right resources available such as raw materials, time, having the right skills to do the job and also having the necessary support to get the job done like supervisor support, or correct information on the job, McCelland believed that even if two of the three were met that there would still not be positive motivation and all three must be met to achieve positive motivation. (French, R et al, 2008 Organizational Behaviour pp163- 165) The expectancy theory of motivation is by Victor Vroom. Victor Vroom is very different to Maslow and Hertzberg, Vroom focuses on outcomes not on needs. Expectancy is the belief that more effort will lead to better performance. (French, R et al, 2008 Organizational Behaviour pp17 2- 174) Looking closely at the theories of motivation I believe that there are multiple theories of motivation as there is neither a right or wrong theory all seem to out line the basics of motivation weather it is in a hierarchy or set in two boxes we all have a need for the basics in life plus achievement, recognition and we all would be happier and more motivated to work in better conditions, I believe that a person has each one of these needs at or maybe many at a time so there for many theories are essential to get a wider knowledge of motivation and how to motivate an individual at work. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Multiple theories of motivation in organisational behaviour" essay for you Create order

Plato s Republic A Practical Approach - 1904 Words

In Plato’s Republic, Socrates engages in a theoretical discussion to understand the nature of justice and virtues which ultimately will lead to the Form of the Good and happiness in the soul. Likewise, in Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle takes a practical approach to discern how to achieve Eudaimonia, the universal good, through virtues. Although they both agree that virtues are detrimental in attaining the good, they have different accounts of what â€Å"good† is, and have different means of achieving it. Socrates first discusses the proper virtues and functions in the individual by imploring a hypothetical ideal city state in order to discover what it takes to reach the Form of the Good. Using elenchus, Socrates and his fellow†¦show more content†¦It’s an agreement that the naturally better part should rule over the worse. The last virtue left is justice, which is doing one’s work and not involving themselves in other people’s practices, which gives way to the previous virtues mentioned. This is parallel to the soul, as there are three parts which are the appetitive, rational, and spirited. The appetitive part deals with desires, passions, and thirsts, while the rational part involves wisdom and reasoning on how to rule the soul, helping to combat the appetitive part. The spirited part works with the rational part of the soul to help control the appetites, and courage is found in spirit. We know what enrages us when we are treated unjustly. Temperance ar ises when the three parts of the soul agree that reason should rule, which promotes justice and the soul will be in harmony. Justice is concerned with a person’s inward self, and with the appropriate balance of the various parts of the soul. Justice is a natural harmony, and the person will be able to do just things if they maintain this internal state. Harmony of the soul promotes happiness, and a just person will live well. Happiness and well-being can be achieved through harmony of the soul due to justice, but the Form of the Good is still not reached. Socrates believes that the Guardians should be philosophers, sinceShow MoreRelatedMachiavelli Plato Rebuplic Prince Comparison1419 Words   |  6 PagesHaà ¾im Cihan Demirkà ¶prà ¼là ¼, 20303433 Essay Question: Compare the Characteristics of the true guardians, as described by Plato (Republic, bk VII, pp.158 #8211; 61, 484b #8211; 487e) with the characteristics of the rulers, as described by Machiavelli (The Prince, ch.15, pp. 47 #8211; 49 and ch. 18, pp.54f). What is the most important difference between the two accounts? In your view, which account is better, and why? For centuries, every ruler created their own principles and rules and somehowRead MoreThomas Hobbes And Plato s The Leviathan And The Republic1496 Words   |  6 PagesThis is especially true for the term â€Å"justice†. 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I have also chosen the Arnold Preface because it is manageable in length, and because, as Stefan Collini says in his book ArnoldRead MoreThe Statement Of Teaching Philosophy1775 Words   |  8 Pagesattainment of knowledge, standards mastery, and the ability to reason come second to a student s overall well-being. Elements of behaviorism, essentialism, progressivism, existentialism and perennialism have influenced educational philosophy plans. According to Jax (n.d.), â€Å"The philosophy of education began with Plato when he discussed in The Republic the education of warriors and philosopher-kings. Plato believed that the education of warriors was to instill knowledge, whereas the education of philosopher-kings

Health Information Exchange

Questions: 1. Discuss the impetus for health information exchange (HIE) in the United States 2. Describe basic HIE organizational structures, architectures, and services3. Reinforce the need for data stewardship in HIE services 4. Identify the state, regional, and local activities in achieving benefits and overcoming challenges for HIE organizations 5. Describe the federal government's concept of a nationwide health information network? Answers: 1. Health information exchange is the movement or mobilization of healthcare information electronically across different organizations that are within a community, hospital or regions and HIE also refers to that particular organization which facilitates this exchange. It also provides the capability to move the clinical information electronically among all the systems of care information along with the maintenance of this information that is being exchanged (Acker B et al (2007). The main aim of HIE is to facilitate the access and retrieval of the clinical data so as to provide a more timely, effective, efficient and safer patient care. 2. The centralized HIEs have a single clinical data repository that is usually maintained by the authorities of the HIE that are governed by the representatives of each of the member in the hospital. Thus the centralized architecture can be utilized on a regional basis for instance by hospital systems located in the same area (Adler-Milstein J et al (2009). The most interoperable HIE architecture is the centralized model costs that are mostly used to set up and maintain because it requires a large upfront investment in technology in the form of servers and which need to be monitored and stored in a secure and separate location. 3. There is a nationwide effort among the healthcare and information technology industries, relevant government agencies, employers, and consumers to establish or identify and authorize a national health data stewardship entity. This would ensure that rules for standards are established for uniform and data that health information technology (HIT) would enable the exchange of health information. This NHDSE would coordinate the bodies that support the life cycle and collection of data exchanged over electronic and other health information exchange (HIE) systems and the data is stored in a variety of registers (Burrington-Brown et al (2007). 4. Many recent federal policies support the adoption of HIE in order to improve healthcare by addressing the personal health information and also to concert the efforts for facilitating HIE that has existed for over two decades. Their experiences also include the challenges and barriers that are faced in association with the technology and without the new strategies the methods of HIE cannot address these barriers. 5. The nationwide health information network is defined as the set of standards, services, and policies that enable secure health information exchange over the Internet.This request for information is being issued to request public to draft proposals to the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology considering the anticipation of developing a notice and to establish a governance mechanism and also helps in the creation of a voluntary program under which entities that facilitate electronic health information exchange could be validated (Hripcsak G et al (2007). References Acker B, Birnbaum CL, Branden JH, et al.HIM principles in health information exchange.J AHIMA2007 Adler-Milstein J, Bates DW, Jha AK.U.S. Regional health information organizations: progress and challenges.Health Aff2009 Burrington-Brown, Jill; Hjort, Beth; Washington, Lydia. "Health Data Access, Use, and Control."Journal of AHIMA78, no.5 (May 2007) Hripcsak G, Kaushal R, Johnson KB, et al.The United Hospital fund meeting on evaluating health information exchange.J Biomed Inform2007